Fundamental of Web
Fundamental of Web
Introduction to Web
What is Internet
The internet is a vast network of computers and networks connected worldwide through various wired and wireless connections. It enables communication through email, instant messaging, information retrieval, online shopping, banking, social networking, and entertainment. It uses standardized protocols for data transmission, revolutionizing the way we live, work, and interact with the world.
World Wide Web (WWW)
The World Wide Web, invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, is a global network of interconnected web pages and websites accessible over the internet. Based on a client-server model, browsers act as clients that request web pages from servers that host and serve them.
Website
A website is a collection of interconnected web pages hosted on a web server. It can contain text, images, videos, and interactive elements, used for informational, educational, commercial, or entertainment purposes.
Web Page
A web page is a single HTML document containing text, images, videos, and links. It is the basic building block of a website and is displayed in a web browser.
URL
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) specifies the address of a resource on the internet. Example: http://www.example.com. It typically includes a protocol, domain name, and optionally a path or parameters.
Web Browser
A web browser is software for viewing web pages. Examples: Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge. Browsers interpret HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to display content.
Hyperlink
A hyperlink is a clickable element (text, button, or image) that links to another page or resource. Example: Visit Example.
HTTP & HTTPS
HTTP: Protocol for communication between browsers and servers.
HTTPS: Secure version of HTTP with encryption for data protection.
Web Development
Web development is the process of building and maintaining websites and applications using various technologies.
Client-side Programming
Runs in the browser using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Frameworks: React, Angular, Vue.js.
Server-side Programming
Runs on the server using PHP, Python, Ruby, Node.js. Handles databases, authentication, and processing.
Front-end Development
Focuses on UI/UX, responsive design, and accessibility with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
Back-end Development
Manages logic, servers, APIs, and databases like MySQL and MongoDB.
Full-stack Development
Combines both front-end and back-end skills to build complete applications.
Web Design
Focuses on layout, color theory, typography, and usability.
Responsive Design
Ensures websites adapt to desktops, tablets, and mobiles using CSS media queries.
Web Hosting
Makes a website live on the internet by deploying it on a hosting server.
Testing and Debugging
Finding and fixing errors, validating usability, and optimizing performance.
Web Security
Protects sites with authentication, authorization, and encryption to prevent breaches.