A02 Introduction to HTML

What is HTML?

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language used to create web pages and web applications. It uses markup tags to structure content and is interpreted by web browsers to render visual web pages. It is an essential technology for building websites and web applications on the internet.

Basic Terminologies

  • Opening tag: The beginning part of an HTML element, enclosed in angle brackets (< >). Example: <p>.
  • Element name: The name that identifies the type of element, such as <p> (paragraph), <h1> (heading 1), <a> (anchor/link).
  • Attributes: Optional properties that provide additional information about an element, placed inside the opening tag as name="value". Example: <a href="https://example.com">.
  • Content: The actual text or data contained within the element, appearing between opening and closing tags. Example: <p>Hello, world!</p>.
  • Closing tag: The ending part of an element, enclosed in angle brackets with a forward slash. Example: </p>.

Basic Structure of an HTML Document 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>My Heading</h1>
  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure sit, nam commodi quasi vel facilis molestias? Quis aut doloribus maiores illo repellendus. Facilis harum repudiandae, ullam reiciendis numquam nobis? Commodi repellat illum fugiat nesciunt. Reiciendis, illo quas corporis nesciunt suscipit excepturi! Sit autem ut reprehenderit. Rem temporibus exercitationem id. Autem explicabo veniam quod deserunt alias quisquam officiis accusamus, voluptatum repellendus neque eligendi officia unde dolorum possimus natus corporis iste reiciendis fuga, quam est velit voluptatem facilis laudantium eaque! Veniam beatae repudiandae quibusdam blanditiis eum, aut, doloribus earum adipisci temporibus non ea quasi impedit perferendis doloremque consequuntur accusantium dolore deleniti sint!</p>
</body>
</html>

Explanation (Output)

  • <!DOCTYPE html> — Declares the HTML5 document type.
  • <html> — The root element containing everything on the page.
  • <head> — Meta information (title, metadata, linked resources); not directly rendered.
  • <title> — The page title shown on the browser tab.
  • <body> — The visible page content (text, images, links, etc.).